Analyses

Political Economy Analysis: The Adriatic-Ionian Highway

The Adriatic-Ionian Highway represents far more than a 1,550-kilometer infrastructure project—it is a decisive geopolitical instrument for securing permanent EU control over the Mediterranean coastline. By connecting current EU members with prospective new members Montenegro and Albania, who are targeting accession by 2028 and 2030 respectively, the highway will create an unbroken chain of European-controlled infrastructure from Italy to Greece. This strategic corridor will permanently block Russian and Serbian ambitions to expand their influence to Mediterranean sea ports, fortifying EU dominance over one of the worlds most contested waterways. As Montenegros Adriatic coastline emerges as a prize for competing geopolitical interests, the highways completion before full EU membership will ensure seamless integration while eliminating any future threats to European strategic control of this vital maritime gateway.

New Power Struggles in the Mediterranean

The Mediterranean Sea has become a theater of unprecedented geopolitical upheaval, with traditional power structures crumbling amid dramatic regional transformations. The December 2024 fall of Syria's Assad regime has fundamentally altered the strategic landscape, forcing Russia to evacuate its naval forces from Tartus and ending Moscow's 50-year Mediterranean foothold. Meanwhile, President Trump's return to office in January 2025 has introduced new variables, with his transactional foreign policy approach and emphasis on negotiating an end to the Ukraine war potentially reshaping the entire European security architecture. As energy competition intensifies around disputed Eastern Mediterranean gas reserves, migration flows become weaponized, and traditional alliances fracture, the ancient crossroads of three continents is once again becoming the testing ground for 21st-century power dynamics.